Recently,
there has been an interesting trend occurring between diabetes malleus and a
decrease in spermiogenesis. Recent meta-data analysis has shown that those who
have increased obesity or have been previously diagnosed with Diabetes malleus,
that these individuals have a significantly lower sperm count than those who
are not affected by these conditions (Zhong
et al., 2021). In a recent study, a mechanism for
why this phenomenon is occurring was explored. In the center of interdisciplinary
research in basic sciences in New Delhi India, scientists hypothesize that
there is a multi-step mechanism involved in the disruption of spermatogenesis.
First,
when there is an abundance of glucose, to induce hyperglycemic conditions, this
may lead to an increased release of insulin in order to store the glucose as
adipose tissue. When this occurs though, cells may begin to develop insulin
resistance (Boura-Halfon & Zick, 2009), this is an issue
when it comes to the hypothalamus since it has been recorded that insulin is a
key factor in secreting GnRH to will stimulate the secretion of LH and FSH, two
hormones that are essential for the growth of the testes and the production of
sperm. Therefore, if there is insulin resistance in the hypothalamus then there
may be issues with spermatogenesis as well (Andlib et al., 2022).
Then,
there is the use of glucose in the production of sperm. In order for sperm to
be formed Sertoli cells require a steady stream of glucose in order to create
and mature sperm. When under hyperglycemic conditions though, maturation of the
Sertoli cells affected the surrounding tubular lumina area, decreasing its
efficiency (Tavares et al., 2017). This disruption
of glucose then heavily effects the cells ability to mature sperm cells,
without this fertility for the individual will increase. (Andlib et al., 2022).
With
these two facts combined, fertility specialist can now get a better picture of
what exactly is causing the disruptions in fertility in males affected with diabetes
malleus. This may change current standards of treating fertility in males by
first addressing the issue of diabetes in order to get the results that they
want.
Main source:
Andlib,
N., Sajad, M., Kumar, R., & Thakur, S. C. (2022). Abnormalities in sex
hormones and sexual dysfunction in males with diabetes mellitus: A mechanistic
insight. Acta Histochemica, 125(1), 151974.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151974
Bibliography:
Boura-Halfon,
S., & Zick, Y. (2009). Phosphorylation of IRS proteins, insulin action, and
insulin resistance. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 296(4), E581-591.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90437.2008
Tavares,
R. S., Portela, J. M. D., Sousa, M. I., Mota, P. C., Ramalho-Santos, J., &
Amaral, S. (2017). High glucose levels affect spermatogenesis: An in vitro
approach. Reproduction, Fertility, and Development, 29(7),
1369–1378. https://doi.org/10.1071/RD15475
Zhong,
O., Ji, L., Wang, J., Lei, X., & Huang, H. (2021). Association of diabetes
and obesity with sperm parameters and testosterone levels: A meta-analysis. Diabetology
& Metabolic Syndrome, 13(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-021-00728-2
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